Religion is a phenomenon that is inseparable from human society. It brings about a set of emotional, ideological and practical elements that are pervasive in the social fabric of any society and characterizable by a number of features. these include the establishment of intermediaries in the relationship between humans and the divine; the construction of ceremonial places for worshipping the gods and practicing ritual performances; and the creation ritual paraphernalia. Investigating the religious dimensions of ancient societies encounters problems in defining such elements, especially with regard to societies that lack textual evidences and has tended to lead towards the identification of differentiation between the mental dimension, related to religious beliefs, and the material one associated with religious practices, resulting in a separation between scholars able to investigate, and possibly reconstruct, ritual practices (i.e., archaeologists), and those interested in defining the realm of ancient beliefs (i.e., philologists and religious historians).

The aim of this collection of papers is to attempt to bridge these two dimensions by breaking down existing boundaries in order to form a more comprehensive vision of religion among ancient Near Eastern societies. This approach requires that a higher consideration be given to those elements (either artificial -- buildings, objects, texts, etc. -- or natural -- landscapes, animals, trees, etc.) that are created through a materialization of religious beliefs and practices enacted by members of communities. These issues are addressed in a series of specific case-studies covering a broad chronological framework that from the Pre-pottery Neolithic to the Iron Age.

• Cover
• Dedication
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Chapter 1: Introduction: Investigating archaeological approaches to the study of religious practices and beliefs
• Part I: Sacred Nature
  • Chapter 2: Animal burials and their cults in Margiana
  • Chapter 3: Identifying sacrifice in Bronze Age Near Eastern iconography
  • Chapter 4: Cult and the rise of desert pastoralism: a case study from the Negev
  • Chapter 5: Thoughts on material expressions of cultic practice. Standing stone monuments of the Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant
  • Chapter 6: Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamia: towards a definition of sacred space and its evolution
• Part II: Housing the God
  • Chapter 7: A sanctuary, or so fair a house? In defense of an archaeology of cult at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe
  • Chapter 8: Where to worship? Religion in Iron II Israel and Judah
  • Chapter 9: Communal places of worship: Ritual activities and ritualised ideology during the Early Bronze Age Jezirah
  • Chapter 10: Open spaces around the temples and their ritual use: archaeological evidence from the Bronze and Iron Age Levant
  • Chapter 11: Ritual circumambulations in the Syro-Mesopotamian cuneiform texts
  • Chapter 12: A temple lifecycle: rituals of construction, restoration, and destruction of some ED Mesopotamian and Syrian sacred buildings
• Part III: The materialisation of religious beliefs and practices
  • Chapter 13: Religion as practice in Neolithic societies
  • Chapter 14: Casting the sacred: Chalcolithic metallurgy and ritual in the southern Levant
  • Chapter 15: How better understanding of ritual practices can help the comprehension of religious feelings
  • Chapter 16: Archaeological correlates of pious societies