Enclosures are among the most widely distributed features of the European Iron Age. From fortifications to field systems, they demarcate territories and settlements, sanctuaries and central places, burials and ancestral grounds. This dividing of the physical and the mental landscape between an ‘inside’ and an ‘outside’ is investigated anew in a series of essays by some of the leading scholars on the topic. The contributions cover new ground, from Scotland to Spain, between France and the Eurasian steppe, on how concepts and communities were created as well as exploring specific aspects and broader notions of how humans marked, bounded and guarded landscapes in order to connect across space and time. A recurring theme considers how Iron Age enclosures created, curated, formed or deconstructed memory and identity, and how by enclosing space, these communities opened links to an earlier past in order to understand or express their Iron Age presence. In this way, the contributions examine perspectives that are of wider relevance for related themes in different periods.

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Bibliography of Professor Ian B. M. Ralston
• Enclosing space and opening new ground in Iron Age studies: An introduction
• Block 1: Building Enclosures
  • 1. Does fortified always equate to defensive? Some thoughts on the fortification systems of the Glauberg hillfort
  • 2. De Architectura Celtica: déclinaisons insolites de Murus Gallicus
  • 3. Julius Caesar’s assault ramp at the Oppidum of Avaricum in 52 BC
  • 4. How many hillforts are there in Scotland? Revisited
• Block 2: Creating Settlement Communities
  • 5. The hillfort on Mount Ipf: A centre of power during the Bronze and Iron Ages in southern Germany
  • 6. Oram’s Arbour, Winchester: A new interpretation
  • 7. A new look at the Late Prehistoric settlement patterns of the Forth Valley
  • 8. Enclosure, autonomy and anarchy in Iron Age Scotland
  • 9. Exploring settlement dynamics through radiocarbon dating
  • 10. Oppida in Britain in the face of the Roman conquest
• Block 3: Marking Landscapes Through Time
  • 11. Atlantic-zone hillforts with up-right stone rows and their relationship with coastal routes
  • 12. Making mounds: monuments in Eurasian prehistory
  • 13. Urbanism and identity in Celtic Iberia. What did it mean to be a Vetton, Vaccaean or Carpetanian in Late Iron Age oppida?
  • 14. L’enclos comme expression du pouvoir des aristocrates sur la campagne
  • 15. Memoryscapes in Late Iron Age Northern Gaul: Warfare and sacrifice from Ribemont to Titelberg