With its own Senedd and legislative powers, Wales is already on a journey towards independence. This report by the Independence Commission charts the next steps.

• Introduction
• Executive summary
• Main recommendations
• Chapter 1: Building the road
  • The 20th century
  • The 21st century
• Chapter 2: Public attitudes
  • Welsh identity
  • Independence
  • Independence: the referendum question
• Chapter 3: A Welsh jurisdiction
  • Asymmetric devolution
  • The single England and Wales jurisdiction
  • Why Wales needs a separate jurisdiction
  • A virtual legal jurisdiction
  • Justice powers
  • Implications of a distinct Welsh jurisdiction
  • The way ahead
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 4: Effective Government and the civil service
  • Twenty years of evolution
  • The civil service culture
  • A Welsh public service
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 5: Addressing the fiscal gap
  • A better model
  • The Welsh balance-sheet
  • Paying our way
  • A different sort of union
  • Welsh taxes
  • A UK common market
  • A middle way
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 6: Wales and Europe
  • Plaid Cymru and Europe
  • Brexit and devolution
  • EU Funding for Wales: a lost opportunity
  • The European Union’s direction of travel
  • Brexit and the terms of departure
  • A new relationship with the European Union
  • European networks
  • Bilateral relationships
  • Welsh Government’s International Strategy
  • Deepening Wales’s relationship with the EU
  • Growing European partnerships
  • Ireland
  • Euskadi (the Basque Country)
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 7: Relations with our neighbours: options for an independent Wales
  • The federal dead-end
  • Wales as a member of a confederation
  • The Benelux model
  • A League of the Isles
  • Imponderables
  • Wales as a member of the European Union
  • Wales as a member of the European Free Trade Area
  • The way ahead
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 8: A Constitution for an independent Wales
  • Principles of a Welsh Constitution
  • Independence
  • Pathway to a Welsh Constitution
  • Elements of a Welsh Constitution
  • Forms and institutions of government
  • The Head of State
  • The legislature
  • The Executive
  • Regional/local government
  • ‘Integrity’ branch of government
  • The judiciary
  • Citizen initiative
  • Adopting and amending the Constitution
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 9: A Welsh Self-Determination Bill
  • Options for a Plaid Cymru Government
  • Content of primary legislation
  • Binary or multi-option choices in a referendum
  • Practicalities of drafting the Bill
  • Recommendations
• Chapter 10: Bringing Wales with us
  • Building national self-confidence
  • Sustainability
  • The four pillars of an independent Wales
  • A five-point plan for success
  • The independent Wales we want
• Appendix 1: Outline Content of a Welsh Self-Determination Bill
  • Self-Determination (Wales) Bill
• Appendix 2: Independence Commission
  • Terms of Reference
• Appendix 3: Commissioners’ biographies
• Endnotes