This anthology gives an overview and an in-depth description of Europe in historical terms, providing explanation for the current period of dramatic development and integration process that has led to the increased strength of the European Union. It also explores the simultaneous trend towards disintegration, with an increased number of nationalist strivings of the traditional kind, attempting to foresee the future structures by understanding the underlying processes through an analysis of the historical background.

• Title Page
• Dedication
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• A Crisis of the Territorial State? Integration and Fragmentation in Europe
  • Conflicting Trends
  • Territorial Identity and Identification
  • State, Nation and State-Building
  • The Contemporary European State
  • States and Regional Demands
  • Supranational Integration in Postwar Europe
  • Other Foundations for Identity
  • Historical Dividing Lines
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Ideas on Europe–Europe as an Idea An Intellectual History of European Unity and Cooperation
  • Europe, Statehood and the World: Premises of the Study
  • Toward a Political Conception of Europe: From Herodotus to Charlemagne
  • Europe as “Respublica Christiana”: Conceptions of Unity in the Middle Ages
  • State Fragmentation and European Cooperation in the Late Middle Ages
  • The European States and the World System: Conceptions of Europe during the Age of State-Building and Absolutism
  • Universalism, Europeanism and Nationalism in the 18th Century
  • Revolution, Reaction and Faith in Progress: Ideas on Europe in the 19th Century
  • Europe in the Shadow of World War: Great-Power Conflict, National Fragmentation and Ideas on Europe, 1900–1945
  • Postwar Europe: The Road to Unity?
  • No End to History? Ideas on Europe–Past and Future
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• “God Save Britain” State-Building and Intrastate Separatism in the British Isles
  • State-Building in the British Isles
  • British Identities and Nationalism
  • From the Islands to the World
  • After the Empire–Europe?
  • The Anglo-Irish Conflict
  • The Anglo-Welsh Conflict
  • The Anglo-Scottish Conflict
  • European Integration from the Perspective of the Peripheral Nations
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• “La France sera la France” State, Nation, Region and Europe in French History
  • State- and Nation-Building in France: Premises of the Study
  • The First Phase: The Middle Ages
  • The Second Phase: From Renaissance to Revolution
  • The Third and Final Phase: From the Revolution to the Second World War
  • State- and National-Building under Trial: The State, the Regions and Europe, 1945–1991
  • French State- and Nationhood in the Context of Europe: Concluding Remarks
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Spain: Castilian Empire or Nation-State in the Making?
  • Nation and Nationality in Spain
  • Integration and Fragmentation in the Iberian Peninsula until 1714
  • Integration and Fragmentation after 1714
  • Looking Forward: Integration or Fragmentation?
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• “Soweit die deutsche Zunge klingt” State and Identity in German History
  • State and Nation in Germany
  • Nation-Building, Political Mobilization, and the Road to National Consensus
  • Identity-building in the DDR
  • The “Provisional” State: West Germany
  • “Deutschlandspolitik” as a Function of External Tensions
  • Germany of the Regions
  • The European Union, the Federal Republic and the New Länder
  • Germany, Europe, and the World
  • What is Germany and Who is German?
  • Germany: A Multicultural State?
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• “If We Want Everything to Remain As It Is, Then We Must Change Everything.” Integration and Fragmentation in Italy
  • In the Wake of the Roman Empire, AD 476–951
  • Universalism and Local Autonomy: The Age of the City-State, 951–1494
  • The Meaning of “Italy” during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
  • The Era of Spanish Supremacy, 1525–1700
  • The Division into North and South, 1700–1796
  • The Napoleonic Period, 1796–1815
  • Consolidation and Crisis of the Liberal State, 1870–1922 –Conflicting Interpretations
  • The Southern Question
  • The First World War and the Era of Fascism, 1922–1945
  • The First Republic, 1946–1996
  • With Clean Hands Into the Second Republic
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Central Europe and the Empires –Full Circle in History
  • Central Europe: A Definition
  • A Sketch of History
  • History and Nationalism: Toward Disintegration
  • Nationalism and Confrontation
  • The Defeat of Democracy
  • Economic Nationalism and “Integration”
  • The Postwar Era–Pax Sovietica
  • Hierarchic “Integration” and Revolt from Below
  • The Resurrection of Central Europe
  • The Shadow of History
  • Pax Germanica
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Post-Soviet Russia–Empire or Federation?
  • A Historic Transition
  • Muscovite or Kievan Russia?
  • The Mongolian Legacy
  • The Forces of Expansion
  • The Secular Empire
  • Slavophiles and Zapadniks
  • Ukrainian and Belorussian Nationalism
  • The Struggle for Liberation: A Thorny Path
  • The 1920s: Establishing Roots
  • Russianization under Stalin
  • The Gorbachev Era and Non-Russian Nationalism
  • The Gorbachev Era and Russian Nationalism
  • Nation- and State-Building in the Post-Soviet Era
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Yugoslavia–The Legacy Many Wish to Forget
  • Yugoslavia: An Integrated State?
  • The Historical Legacy of the Yugoslavian Territories
  • Regional Development before 1918
  • The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
  • The Second World War and Postwar Yugoslavia
  • The Dissolution of Yugoslavia
  • The Wars and the Yugoslavian Successor States
  • The Yugoslavian Legacy and the Future
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Macedonia and Its Place in Europe
  • The Macedonian Question and the Ottoman Empire
  • Macedonian Identity in the Context of Institutionalization
  • Macedonia and the Balkans
  • Macedonia and Europe
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Sweden in Norden and Europe –From Kalmar Union to European Union
  • The Emergence of Sweden
  • Nordic Unity in the Middle Ages: A Response to External Dangers
  • Scandinavianism: A Thwarted Movement for Unity
  • The Nation-State and Swedish Nationalism
  • National Democracy in a Nordic Community
  • The Nordic Community as a Bulwark against Europe
  • National Consolidation in the European Community
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Notes on the authors