This publication is part of a series that aims to inform nuclear facility designers, vendors, operators and State governments about IAEA safeguards and how associated requirements can be considered early in the design phase of a new nuclear facility. This particular publication is applicable to the design of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Safeguards by design dialogue undertaken early in the design and construction of reprocessing plants, facilitates the implementation of safeguards throughout all the life cycle stages of the facility. The potential to reduce costs, avoid retrofits and achieve efficiencies both for the operator and for IAEA Member States, are important drivers for the early consideration of safeguards in a nuclear facility design project.

• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Background
  • 1.2. Objective
  • 1.3. Scope
  • 1.4. Structure
• 2. OVERVIEW OF IAEA SAFEGUARDS
  • 2.1. IAEA safeguards implementation
  • 2.2. Overview of safeguards measures
  • 2.3. Verification
    • 2.3.1. Design information verification
    • 2.3.2. Nuclear material accounting and verification
    • 2.3.3. Surveillance, containment and monitoring
  • 2.4. Physical infrastructure requirements for IAEA safeguards activities
  • 2.5. Facility decommissioning
  • 2.6. Future considerations
• 3. SAFEGUARDS CONSIDERATIONS IN REPROCESSING
  • 3.1. Misuse and diversion scenarios
  • 3.2. General guidance
    • 3.2.1. Infrastructure to support safeguards
    • 3.2.2. Design information examination and verification
    • 3.2.3. Nuclear material accountancy
    • 3.2.4. Process monitoring
    • 3.2.5. Containment and surveillance measures
    • 3.2.6. System and data authentication
    • 3.2.7. Data collection and evaluation systems
    • 3.2.8. Lessons learned
  • 3.3. Specific activities and locations in a reprocessing plant
    • 3.3.1. Spent fuel storage area
    • 3.3.2. Head end operations area
    • 3.3.3. Chemical processing area
    • 3.3.4. Product storage area
    • 3.3.5. Decommissioning
  • 3.4. Next generation technology
• REFERENCES
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Annex I TERMINOLOGY
• Annex II SAFEGUARDS CONSIDERATIONS IN FACILITY LIFE CYCLE STAGES
• Annex III IDENTIFYING SAFEGUARDABILITY ISSUES
• Annex IV DESIGN INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION FOR REPROCESSING
• ABBREVIATIONS
• CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW