This publication presents the findings of an IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the development and application of the integrated climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) framework. Together with other UN partners, the IAEA has developed this framework in response to global challenges such as ensuring universal access to food, energy and water, to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals. The publication reflects the objectives of the CRP to expand and improve the knowledge base, tools and toolkits available for integrated assessment of climate, land, energy and water, as well as demonstrate the applicability of these tools in different countries facing diverse challenges. The research results help to identify practical strategies and policies for coherent development and management of land, water and energy resources, and responses to climate change.

• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Background
  • 1.2. Objective
  • 1.3. Scope
  • 1.4. Structure
• 2. CLIMATE, LAND, ENERGY AND WATER
  • 2.1. Challenges and interdependencies in sustainable development
    • 2.1.1. Agenda 2030 and sustainable land, energy and water use and climate change action
    • 2.1.2. Traditional approaches to assessing climate, land, energy and water
    • 2.1.3. The need for integrated assessment and capacity building
  • 2.2. Integrated CLEW framework
    • 2.2.1. Potential applications of the integrated CLEW framework
• 3. INTEGRATED SYNTHESIS OF COUNTRY PROJECTS
  • 3.1. Broad country situation assessment
  • 3.2. Comparison of methodologies
  • 3.3. Synthesis of bilateral CLEW linkages
    • 3.3.1. Energy–water linkages
    • 3.3.2. Energy–land linkages
    • 3.3.3. Land–water linkages
    • 3.3.4. Climate linkages
  • 3.4. Integrated CLEW nexus synthesis
• 4. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • 4.1. Resource linkages evaluated in the studies
  • 4.2. Key findings and policy conclusions
    • 4.2.1. Biomass and biofuels
    • 4.2.2. Energy–water–climate
  • 4.3. Lessons, limitations and future direction
    • 4.3.1. Potential further CLEW applications
    • 4.3.2. Methodology challenges
  • 4.4. Building capacity in the use of the CLEW framework in developing countries
• Appendix IDEVELOPMENT OF THE CLEW FRAMEWORK AND THE ROLE OF THE IAEA
• Appendix IISUMMARIES OF CRP COUNTRY PROJECTS
• REFERENCES
• ABBREVIATIONS
• CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW