Safety, reliability, and productivity in the nuclear industry result from a systematic consideration of human performance. A plant or other facility consists of both the engineered system and the human users of that system. It is therefore crucial that engineering activities consider the humans who will be interacting with those systems. Engineering design, specifically instrumentation and control (I&C) design, can influence human performance by driving how plant personnel carry out work and respond to events within a nuclear power plant. As a result, human–system interfaces (HSIs) for plant operators as well as the maintenance and testing of the I&C system cannot be designed by isolated disciplines. The focus of this publication is to integrate knowledge from the disciplines of human factors engineering (HFE) and I&C to emphasize an interdisciplinary approach for the design of better HSIs and consequently improved human performance in nuclear power plants. This is accomplished by practical explanations of the HFE processes and corresponding outputs that inform the I&C development. More specifically, the publication addresses issues in the design process where collaboration between HFE, I&C and other important disciplines and stakeholders is paramount and identifies key tools and tasks for exchanging inputs and outputs between different design disciplines, particularly I&C and HFE. The practical information provided in this publication is intended to support Member States’ capabilities to improve their approach to I&C through the consideration of HFE.

• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Background
  • 1.2. Objective
  • 1.3. Scope
  • 1.4. Structure
• 2. END POINT VISION AND PLANNING
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Context and objectives of an end point vision
    • 2.2.1. Scope of end point vision
    • 2.2.2. Specific considerations for developing the end point vision
  • 2.3. Human factors engineering programme management
    • 2.3.1. Introduction
    • 2.3.2. Requirement for HFE programme management
    • 2.3.3. HFE programme management plan content
    • 2.3.4. Special considerations for HFE programme management
• 3. DESIGN BASIS
  • 3.1. General
  • 3.2. Identification and documentation of requirements
  • 3.3. HSI functional requirements
  • 3.4. HSI safety requirements
    • 3.4.1. Codes and standards
    • 3.4.2. Safety classification
    • 3.4.3. Safety requirements
  • 3.5. HFE requirements from HFE analyses supporting I&C design basis
  • 3.6. HSI design principles to consider for the I&C design basis
  • 3.7. Special considerations for control room and HSI operation requirements
• 4. HFE analyses output supporting I&C Development
  • 4.1. Introduction
    • 4.1.1. Special considerations for modernization and upgrades
    • 4.1.2. Special considerations for decommissioning
    • 4.1.3. Applicability of HFE analyses to shape the concept of operations
  • 4.2. Operating experience review
    • 4.2.1. Database reviews
    • 4.2.2. Report reviews
    • 4.2.3. Interviews with plant personnel
    • 4.2.4. HFE outputs of the operating experience review to I&C
    • 4.2.5. Using experimental data
  • 4.3. Function analysis
    • 4.3.1. Function requirements analysis method
    • 4.3.2. Allocation of functions to human and/or machine method
    • 4.3.3. Output of the function analysis to I&C
  • 4.4. Task analysis
    • 4.4.1. Basic approach
    • 4.4.2. Area operability and impact analysis
    • 4.4.3. Outputs of task analysis to I&C
  • 4.5. Staffing and qualification analysis
    • 4.5.1. Initial staffing and qualification levels
    • 4.5.2. Revision of the staffing and qualification levels
    • 4.5.3. Output of the staffing and qualification analysis to I&C
  • 4.6. Treatment of important human tasks
    • 4.6.1. Analysis of important human tasks
    • 4.6.2. Outputs of important human tasks to I&C
• 5. HSI DESIGN PROCESS
  • 5.1. Context
  • 5.2. Overall process
  • 5.3. Specification of harmonized design requirements for each HSI
    • 5.3.1. Purpose
    • 5.3.2. Methodology
  • 5.4. HSI overall specification
    • 5.4.1. Purpose
    • 5.4.2. Methodology
    • 5.4.3. Design topics driven from the HSI overall specification
    • 5.4.4. Design topics driven from HSI functional requirements
  • 5.5. Allocation of functions to individual HSI systems and components
    • 5.5.1. Purpose
    • 5.5.2. Methodology
  • 5.6. HSI detailed specification
    • 5.6.1. Purpose
    • 5.6.2. Methodology
  • 5.7. Documentation of HSI requirement specifications
  • 5.8. Procedure and training development
    • 5.8.1. Procedure development
    • 5.8.2. Training programme development
• 6. HFE IN THE PROCUREMENT OF EQUIPMENT
  • 6.1. Context
  • 6.2. Overview of HFE in the supply chain and in the procurement of equipment
    • 6.2.1. HFE integration with the procurement process and the supply chain
    • 6.2.2. Specifying HFE requirements in contracts
    • 6.2.3. Applying a graded approach to the contractual framework
    • 6.2.4. Specifying supplier responsibilities
    • 6.2.5. Specifying designer responsibilities
    • 6.2.6. Equipment qualification and suitability
• 7. HFE VERIFICATION, VALIDATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION
  • 7.1. Introduction
    • 7.1.1. Strategic scheduling
    • 7.1.2. V&V planning
  • 7.2. HSI verification
    • 7.2.1. Task support verification
    • 7.2.2. HSI design verification
    • 7.2.3. Applicability considerations related to verification
    • 7.2.4. Graded approach considerations related to verification
    • 7.2.5. Verification outputs to I&C
  • 7.3. HSI validation
    • 7.3.1. Validation preparation
    • 7.3.2. Multistage validation
    • 7.3.3. Graded validation approach for modifications
    • 7.3.4. HSI validation outputs to I&C
  • 7.4. Implementation V&V during installation and commissioning
    • 7.4.1. As-built V&V
    • 7.4.2. Acceptance criteria
  • 7.5. Human performance monitoring and iterative design
• 8. Summary
• Appendix SUPPLEMENTAL GUIDANCE ON SELECT HSI DESIGN TOPICS
• REFERENCES
• Annex I HUMAN–SYSTEM INTERFACE INDUCED COGNITIVE ERROR ANALYSIS AND COGNITIVE WORKLOAD DISTRACTION ANALYSIS IN CONTROL ROOM DESIGN
• Annex II SUPPLEMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIGITAL HUMAN–SYSTEM INTERFACE DESIGN
• Annex III VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION METHODOLOGIES AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
• GLOSSARY
• ABBREVIATIONS
• CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW