Jointly developed by the lAEA Advisory Group on Nuclear Security (AdSec) and the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group (INSAG), this publication examines the commonalities and differences of nuclear security and nuclear safety, with a view to stimulating new thinking on how the common elements of nuclear security and nuclear safety can be further recognized to enhance excellence in the management of nuclear activities. Although safety and security have a somewhat different focus, they may overlap with each other and have a common goal – protecting people and society. Actions taken to further one activity can have implications for the other. This publication, written for professionals working in the area, focuses on the interfaces between nuclear safety and security with the aim of ensuring that safety and security actions are integrated with each other as appropriate and serve to reinforce each other. It seeks to establish a framework for a more holistic capability to further both safety and security.

• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. BACKGROUND
• 3. THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL BACKGROUND FOR NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY
  • 3.1. The evolution of legally binding undertakings for nuclear safety
  • 3.2. The evolution of legally binding undertakings for nuclear security
  • 3.3. Discussion
• 4. IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS AND SECURITY GUIDANCE
• 5. ALLOCATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES
  • 5.1. National responsibilities
  • 5.2. IAEA responsibilities
  • 5.3. Personal responsibilities
  • 5.4. Discussion
• 6. COMMON PURPOSE OF NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY
• 7. INTERFACES AND INTERACTIONS OF NUCLEAR SAFETY AND NUCLEAR SECURITY
  • 7.1. Allocation of national responsibilities and coordination
  • 7.2. Institutional strength in depth
  • 7.3. Management and leadership: Safety culture and security culture
  • 7.4. Identification of vital areas
  • 7.5. Optimization
  • 7.6. Human risk factors
  • 7.7. Information and communication
  • 7.8. Computer security
  • 7.9. Emergency preparedness
  • 7.10. International cooperation and interaction
  • 7.11. Discussion
• 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 8.1. Concluding comments
  • 8.2. Conclusions
  • 8.3. Recommendations
    • 8.3.1. General recommendations
    • 8.3.2. Recommendations to strengthen the implementation of safety, security and interfaces
• REFERENCES
• MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY GROUP ON NUCLEAR SECURITY
• MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR SAFETY ADVISORY GROUP
• PUBLICATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR SAFETY ADVISORY GROUP