The nineteenth century was a time when the world was becoming increasingly connected through global forces and networks. Colonial and capitalist expansion was bringing the world into closer contact, while nationalism and forms of indigenous resistance were shaping and moulding the world on more local and regional scales. This dynamic environment was the backdrop for a time when childhood was becoming significantly elaborated as a cultural category of identity. Institutions, objects, and places specifically designed for children were multiplying at an unprecedented rate; writing about children in fiction and non-fiction became increasingly prolific; and the concern for children’s health and well-being in life and death was paramount in many communities. Scholarship on the nineteenth century spans many disciplines and areas of interest and utilizes diverse and abundant source material to study a period recognized as foundational for our modern, globalized world. This volume brings together scholars from archaeology, art history, bioarchaeology, educational history, history, literary studies, and theatre history to present studies of nineteenth century children and childhood in Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, England, Ireland, Native North America, Romania, Russia, and the United States. The interdisciplinary focus of this volume illustrates the wealth of sources, methods, and perspectives that can be used to develop our understandings of childhood in the nineteenth century, and the international scope of the studies offers a platform to engage commonalities in an increasingly globalized world alongside an appreciation for local, regional, and national variations in the cultural creation and experiences of childhood.

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of contributors
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction: 19th century childhoods in interdisciplinary and international perspectives: Jane Eva Baxter and Meredith Ellis
• Part 1: Children, nationalism and dimensions of identity
  • 1. The manipulation of indigenous imagery to represent Canadian childhood and nationhood in 19th century Canada: Loren Lerner
  • 2. Laying the foundation of “modern childhood” in Russia: the “protection of motherhood and infancy” movement, 1890–1917: Natalia Chernyaeva
  • 3. Imagining futures: Margaret Fuller and Nathaniel Hawthorne women, children and history: Gina Ocasion
• Part 2: Children on the move: immigration, emigration and deportation
  • 4. Becoming Canadian adults: British childhood emigration to Canada in the late 19th century: Steven J. Taylor
  • 5. Transported beyond the seas: criminal juveniles: Emma Watkins
• Part 3: Children, consumerism and advertising
  • 6. “He knows a good thing when he sees it!”: advertising to children in the U.S., 1850–1900: Jaclyn N. Schultz
  • 7. Creating desire and little consumers: doll advertising in U.S. newspapers, 1860–1900: Katherine Mumma and Jane Eva Baxter
• Part 4: Institutions for children and children in institutions
  • 8. Education, race and nation-building in an archipelago: 19th century Bahamian Out Island schools: John Burton
  • 9. It takes a village: raising patriots in 19th century Romania: Ana Fumurescu
  • 10. The Bedford Asylum: building for the “Industrious Child” in early 19th century Dublin: Katherine Fennelly
  • 11. Nineteenth century institutional “education”: a spatial approach to assimilation and resistance at Hoopa Valley Indian School: Paulina F. Przystupa
• Part 5: Children’s bodies and children’s lives
  • 12. “The lowness of stature, the leanness and the paleness”: childhood nutritional health in 19th century England: Holly Hunt-Watts, Janet Cade and Dawn M. Hadley
  • 13. A tool for moral uplift: the sacralization and commemoration of a 19th century child actress: Shauna Vey