Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven benefits as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical in oncology. However, it has limitations in the assessment of certain tumours, above all (but not only) prostate cancer. Therefore, several non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals have been introduced into the clinical arena over the last few years, and this trend will continue to spread. The use of PET/CT with different PET radiopharmaceuticals that tailor to the type of tumour and biologic process that needs to be assessed is part of personalized precision medicine. The objective of this publication is to provide a case-based way of understanding normal biodistribution, variants, and pitfalls, including several examples of typical patterns for the main indications for each of the new non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals. This should facilitate the interpretation of images to support accurate diagnosis. This Atlas will allow professionals interested in non-FDG PET/CT imaging to embrace the variety of oncological imaging by providing clinically relevant teaching files on the effectiveness and diagnostic quality of non-FDG-PET/CT imaging in routine applications.

• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. Background
  • 1.2. Objective
  • 1.3. Scope
  • 1.4. Structure
• 2. ACETATE (11C)
  • 2.1. General characteristics
  • 2.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 2.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 2.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 2.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 2.3. Methodology
    • 2.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 2.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 2.4. Clinical aspects
    • 2.4.1. Indications
• 3. Bevacizumab (89Zr)
  • 3.1. General characteristics
  • 3.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 3.2.1. Metabolism
    • 3.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 3.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 3.3. Methodology
    • 3.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 3.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 3.4. Clinical aspects
    • 3.4.1. Indications
• 4. Choline (11C)
  • 4.1. General characteristics
  • 4.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 4.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 4.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 4.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 4.3. Methodology
    • 4.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 4.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 4.4. Clinical aspects
    • 4.4.1. Indications
• 5. Choline (18F)
  • 5.1. General characteristics
  • 5.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 5.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 5.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 5.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 5.3. Methodology
    • 5.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 5.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 5.4. Clinical aspects
    • 5.4.1. Indications
• 6. FLUORO-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE — FDHT (18F)
  • 6.1. General characteristics
  • 6.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 6.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 6.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 6.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 6.3. Methodology
    • 6.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 6.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 6.4. Clinical aspects
    • 6.4.1. Indications
• 7. F-DOPA (18F)
  • 7.1. General characteristics
  • 7.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 7.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 7.2.2. Mechanism of retention
  • 7.3. Methodology
    • 7.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 7.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 7.4. Clinical aspects
    • 7.4.1. Indications
• 8. Fluoroestradiol, FES (18F)
  • 8.1. General characteristics
  • 8.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 8.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 8.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 8.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 8.3. Methodology
    • 8.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 8.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 8.4. Clinical aspects
    • 8.4.1. Indications
• 9. Fluoroethyl-tyrosine, FET (18F)
  • 9.1. General characteristics
  • 9.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 9.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 9.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 9.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 9.3. Methodology
    • 9.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 9.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 9.4. Clinical aspects
    • 9.4.1. Indications
• 10. FLUOROTHYMIDINE, FLT (18F)
  • 10.1. General characteristics
  • 10.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 10.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 10.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 10.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 10.3. Methodology
    • 10.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 10.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 10.4. Clinical aspects
    • 10.4.1. Indications
• 11. FLUCICLOVINE, FACBC (18F)
  • 11.1. General characteristics
  • 11.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 11.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 11.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 11.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 11.3. Methodology
    • 11.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 11.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 11.4. Clinical aspects
    • 11.4.1. Indications
• 12. FMISO (18F)
  • 12.1. General characteristics
  • 12.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 12.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 12.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 12.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 12.3. Methodology
    • 12.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 12.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 12.4. Clinical aspects
    • 12.4.1. Indications
• 13. FAZA (18F)
  • 13.1. General characteristics
  • 13.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 13.2.1. Mechanism of retention
  • 13.3. Methodology
    • 13.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 13.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 13.4. Clinical aspects
    • 13.4.1. Indications
• 14. EXENDIN (68Ga)
  • 14.1. General characteristics
  • 14.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 14.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 14.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 14.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 14.3. Methodology
    • 14.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 14.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 14.4. Clinical aspects
    • 14.4.1. Indications
• 15. 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN, HTP (11C)
  • 15.1. General characteristics
  • 15.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 15.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 15.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 15.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 15.3. Methodology
    • 15.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 15.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 15.4. Clinical aspects
    • 15.4.1. Indications
• 16. METHIONINE (11C)
  • 16.1. General characteristics
  • 16.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 16.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 16.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 16.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 16.3. Methodology
    • 16.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 16.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 16.4. Clinical aspects
    • 16.4.1. Indications
• 17. SODIUM FLUORIDE, NaF (18F)
  • 17.1. General characteristics
  • 17.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 17.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 17.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 17.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 17.3. Methodology
    • 17.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 17.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 17.4. Clinical aspects
    • 17.4.1. Indications
• 18. SODIUM IODIDE, NaI (124I)
  • 18.1. General characteristics
  • 18.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 18.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 18.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 18.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 18.3. Methodology
    • 18.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 18.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 18.4. Clinical aspects
    • 18.4.1. Indications
• 19. PSMA LIGAND (68Ga)
  • 19.1. General characteristics
  • 19.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 19.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 19.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 19.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 19.3. Methodology
    • 19.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 19.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 19.4. Clinical aspects
    • 19.4.1. Indications
• 20. SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUES (68Ga)
  • 20.1. General characteristics
  • 20.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 20.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 20.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 20.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 20.3. Methodology
    • 20.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 20.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 20.4. Clinical aspects
    • 20.4.1. Indications
• 21. TRASTUZUMAB (89Zr)
  • 21.1. General characteristics
  • 21.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 21.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 21.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 21.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 21.3. Methodology
    • 21.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 21.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 21.4. Clinical aspects
    • 21.4.1. Indications
• 22. YTTRIUM MICROSPHERES AFTER SELECTIVE INTERNAL RADIATION THERAPY (90Y)
  • 22.1. General characteristics
  • 22.2. Pharmacokinetics
    • 22.2.1. Physiological biodistribution and metabolism
    • 22.2.2. Mechanism of retention
    • 22.2.3. Pharmacology and toxicology
  • 22.3. Methodology
    • 22.3.1. Activity, administration, dosimetry
    • 22.3.2. Imaging protocol
  • 22.4. Clinical aspects
    • 22.4.1. Indications
• ABBREVIATIONS
• REFERENCES
• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW